Par Me Paul-Matthieu Grondin
Dans une décision très récente de la Cour supérieure, DES Studio c. Shuchat, une designer de mode est poursuivie par son ex-employeur parce qu’elle lui aurait fait concurrence alors qu’elle était toujours à son emploi, en travaillant avec un mannequin de renom pour une collection personnalisée.
Les faits de la cause, bien qu’intéressants, ne sont pas l’objet de ce billet.
On nous pose souvent les mêmes questions comme professionnels du droit des fins d’emploi : ai-je enfreint une clause de non-concurrence? Si je me fais offrir un emploi, dois-je l’accepter? Combien l’employeur qui m’a congédié me doit-il? Ai-je signé un contrat d’emploi ou de services?
Il existe quelques causes phares dans chacun de ces domaines, mais le jugement d’aujourd’hui nous permet de vous reproduire ici presque tous les principes nécessaires pour répondre aux questions pré-cités, ainsi que leurs références doctrinales et jurisprudentielles. Ainsi, voyez, sous la plume du juge de la Cour supérieure Louis Charrette, qui débute en écrivant au sujet général des dommages, et qui établit ensuite de façon efficace les autres principes :
[82] The damages must be certain and proven.[29] The certainty required is relative, taken in the context of the balance of probabilities.[30]
[83] Hence, when the fault is proven and it has been established that it is the cause of damages, the Court must look to the evidence to determine the probable amount of the resulting prejudice.[31] The Court should distinguish between the proof of the existence of the damage and the proof of the quantum of damages for which evidence has been adduced.[32]
[84] The Court of Appeal has held that an employer may be entitled to damages from an employee who used the employer’s resources in the conduct of a competing business against the employer’s interests.[33] The employer may also claim reimbursement of the salary paid if the evidence establishes that the employee failed to fulfill entirely her obligations.[34]
[85] An employee whose employment is terminated without serious reason, may claim damages from her employer equivalent to a reasonable notice period.[35] This period will depend on a number of factors including the position held at the time of the resiliation, the years of service and the employee’s age.[36]
[86] The employee must, however, minimize her damages and therefore demonstrate having taken reasonable efforts to find new employment.[37] The failure to mitigate does not reduce the indemnity but prevents a claim for aggravation of the damages.[38]
[87] An employer’s failure to respect its duty to provide reasonable notice does not in of itself warrant an award in moral damages. The evidence must demonstrate a fault committed in the manner in which the employer proceeded to the dismissal, such as bad faith.[39]
[88] In the context of a service contract, article 2125 C.C.Q. provides that a client may unilaterally resiliate a contract without reason, subject to the obligation to pay for the costs and expenses incurred by the service provider.[40] This right must also be exercised in good faith, failing which, the client may be condemned to pay damages.[41] The mere fact of terminating a service agreement is not an abuse of right.[42]